練習如何使用NetBeans工具寫一個計算機程序_第一式.要學炒菜前先學會開瓦斯爐

本次文章學習分享大目錄:
1.學會新建並配置一個JFrame視窗應用專案
2.學會對控制元件屬性的命名與拖放、修改
3.學會控制元件的觸發 與 觀察對應Code



這次在工作中遇到這個工具
並不熟悉


不是Eclipse

而是採用 NetBeans這套工具進行程式撰寫
下方提供官方網站載點Link:
https://netbeans.org/downloads/

整包都給他下去就對了


那就先來熟能生巧一番吧

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1.新增一個JFrame專案(for JAVA視窗應用)
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左上方

File --> New Application

選 Java -> Java Application -> Next

等它一下下

緊接著你又會看到如下畫面

那我們還沒創建好專案開發環境喔!!!!

對 CalculatorApp 也就是你的專案名稱   --->  右鍵

--> New --> JFrame Form  (其餘的之後再說)

之後就有一個  熱騰騰的JFrame視窗跑出來了


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2.學會對控制元件屬性的命名與拖放、修改
=================================================================



首先我們就可以Drag幾個常見的 我們也很有概念的

TextField  跟   Button

記得要明確命名 還有要 格式整齊
盡量要針對按鈕、輸入框去做有意義且明確對應之命名

NetBeans有一個好處 就是 不像Eclipse
還需要下載安裝某個套件WindowBuilder
才能做直接Drag模式的視窗開發
詳情可參考:http://coolmandiary.blogspot.tw/2016/11/eclipse-windowbuilder.html

這是NetBeans比較人性又方便的一個好處
以前在Eclipse可能要用Code一個一個元件去刻印出來

右側的兩個  頁籤  Properties  和  Code



Properties頁籤

Code頁籤

通常是給你去指定該元件在程式中顯示的元件名
並利於之後在寫事件觸發時候
好辨認的效果(因此不要亂取名!!!!!)



左側隨著Drag控件而即時對應顯示的
控件顯示列
JFrame 視窗 預覽器 (Navigator)

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3.學會控制元件的觸發 與 觀察對應Code
=================================================================

我們剛剛都是在  Design 的頁籤下方去看
視窗顯現畫面

如果要切至程式區域
選擇 Source 頁籤

這次先學會這兩個控制元件的屬性設置與事件觸發撰寫

首先我們要先觀測
預設在Drag 以及 修改指定過屬性後的
所產生出來的程式

總共有253行  是在我們還沒寫的時候

NetBeans就自動幫程式開發者產生出來對應修改屬性後的
程式碼喔!!!!


我們來看一下  這個所生成之一大串程式

如果不好消化的話

可以先觀察還沒拖放任何控制元件的程式碼
會比較乾淨

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/* * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties. * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates * and open the template in the editor. */ package Calculations; /** * * @author chous */ public class CalculatorHelper extends javax.swing.JFrame { /** * Creates new form CalculatorHelper */ public CalculatorHelper() { initComponents(); } /** * This method is called from within the constructor to initialize the form. * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is always * regenerated by the Form Editor. */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code"> private void initComponents() { jTxtDisplay = new javax.swing.JTextField(); jBt1 = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt2 = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt3 = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt4 = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt5 = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt6 = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt7 = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt8 = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt9 = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt0 = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt_Add = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt_Subtract = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt_Multiply = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt_Division = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt_PosNeg = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt_Dot = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt_Clean = new javax.swing.JButton(); jBt_Equals = new javax.swing.JButton(); setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); jTxtDisplay.setHorizontalAlignment(javax.swing.JTextField.RIGHT); jBt1.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt1.setText("1"); jBt2.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt2.setText("2"); jBt3.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt3.setText("3"); jBt4.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt4.setText("4"); jBt5.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt5.setText("5"); jBt6.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt6.setText("6"); jBt7.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt7.setText("7"); jBt8.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt8.setText("8"); jBt9.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt9.setText("9"); jBt0.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt0.setText("0"); jBt_Add.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt_Add.setText("+"); jBt_Subtract.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt_Subtract.setText("-"); jBt_Multiply.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt_Multiply.setText("*"); jBt_Division.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt_Division.setText("/"); jBt_PosNeg.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 24)); // NOI18N jBt_PosNeg.setText("+/-"); jBt_Dot.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt_Dot.setText("."); jBt_Clean.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt_Clean.setText("C"); jBt_Equals.setFont(new java.awt.Font("標楷體", 1, 36)); // NOI18N jBt_Equals.setText("="); javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane()); getContentPane().setLayout(layout); layout.setHorizontalGroup( layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addContainerGap() .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addComponent(jBt5, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addComponent(jBt6, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addComponent(jBt7, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE) .addComponent(jBt8, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addComponent(jBt9, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addComponent(jBt0, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addComponent(jBt_Add, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE) .addComponent(jBt_Subtract, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)) .addGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.TRAILING, layout.createSequentialGroup() .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING, false) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addComponent(jBt_Multiply, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addComponent(jBt_Division, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)) .addComponent(jBt_Clean, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addComponent(jBt_PosNeg, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE) .addComponent(jBt_Dot, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)) .addComponent(jBt_Equals, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE))) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addComponent(jTxtDisplay, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 390, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addGap(0, 0, Short.MAX_VALUE)) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addComponent(jBt1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addComponent(jBt2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addComponent(jBt3, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE) .addComponent(jBt4, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))) .addContainerGap()) ); layout.setVerticalGroup( layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addGap(19, 19, 19) .addComponent(jTxtDisplay, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 49, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addGap(38, 38, 38) .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE) .addComponent(jBt1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt3, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt4, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)) .addGap(10, 10, 10) .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE) .addComponent(jBt5, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt6, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt8, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt7, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)) .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED) .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE) .addComponent(jBt9, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt0, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt_Subtract, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt_Add, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)) .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED) .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE) .addComponent(jBt_Multiply, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt_Division, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt_Dot, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt_PosNeg, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)) .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE) .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE) .addComponent(jBt_Clean, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addComponent(jBt_Equals, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 67, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)) .addContainerGap()) ); pack(); }// </editor-fold> /** * @param args the command line arguments */ public static void main(String args[]) { /* Set the Nimbus look and feel */ //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) "> /* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel. * For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html */ try { for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) { if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) { javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName()); break; } } } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(CalculatorHelper.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (InstantiationException ex) { java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(CalculatorHelper.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(CalculatorHelper.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) { java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(CalculatorHelper.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } //</editor-fold> /* Create and display the form */ java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { new CalculatorHelper().setVisible(true); } }); } // Variables declaration - do not modify private javax.swing.JButton jBt0; private javax.swing.JButton jBt1; private javax.swing.JButton jBt2; private javax.swing.JButton jBt3; private javax.swing.JButton jBt4; private javax.swing.JButton jBt5; private javax.swing.JButton jBt6; private javax.swing.JButton jBt7; private javax.swing.JButton jBt8; private javax.swing.JButton jBt9; private javax.swing.JButton jBt_Add; private javax.swing.JButton jBt_Clean; private javax.swing.JButton jBt_Division; private javax.swing.JButton jBt_Dot; private javax.swing.JButton jBt_Equals; private javax.swing.JButton jBt_Multiply; private javax.swing.JButton jBt_PosNeg; private javax.swing.JButton jBt_Subtract; private javax.swing.JTextField jTxtDisplay; // End of variables declaration }

這裡我再次新增了一份專案

主要是為了觀察還沒拖放任何控制元件乾淨的程式碼
06 主要是當初我們幫 Java 所取名之package名稱

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/* * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties. * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates * and open the template in the editor. */ package MyAppPackage; /** * * @author chous */ public class MyApp extends javax.swing.JFrame { /** * Creates new form MyApp */ public MyApp() { initComponents(); } /** * This method is called from within the constructor to initialize the form. * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is always * regenerated by the Form Editor. */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code"> private void initComponents() { setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane()); getContentPane().setLayout(layout); layout.setHorizontalGroup( layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGap(0, 400, Short.MAX_VALUE) ); layout.setVerticalGroup( layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGap(0, 300, Short.MAX_VALUE) ); pack(); }// </editor-fold> /** * @param args the command line arguments */ public static void main(String args[]) { /* Set the Nimbus look and feel */ //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) "> /* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel. * For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html */ try { for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) { if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) { javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName()); break; } } } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(MyApp.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (InstantiationException ex) { java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(MyApp.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(MyApp.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) { java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(MyApp.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } //</editor-fold> /* Create and display the form */ java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { new MyApp().setVisible(true); } }); } // Variables declaration - do not modify // End of variables declaration }