[.NET Webform]_MasterPage應用_化重複為統一化局部為彈性(一)基本介紹

MasterPage組件成員:

Master Page檔案(.master):定義網頁一致外觀的網頁檔案。
ContentPlaceHolder控制項: 定義各網頁可客製化的位置。
Content Page 檔案(.aspx):與Master Page結合的客製化網頁檔案。
Content控制項:對應主板頁面的ContentPlaceHolder控制項,用來放置客製化網頁內容。


MasterPage 主要是用於化零碎為統整,將相似重複的網頁結構、樣式統整在一塊,利於大型整站式網站開發。

於專案、網站中要新增時候選擇主版頁面(後墜.master)


.master預設的程式架構
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<%@ Master Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="MasterPage.master.cs" Inherits="MasterPage" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head runat="server">
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title></title>
    <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="head" runat="server">
    </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
        <div>
            <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">
            </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

在檔案內容中可以看到除了在Header跟Body中多了所謂ContentPlaceHolder的容器Tag

其次.master不屬於獨立存在的頁面(.aspx)因此也不能直接預覽,
若要引用我們剛剛才建立的MasterPage就要再新增一般的WebForm頁面(aspx)來進行引用。




最終生成的aspx檔案結構內容



這裡做一個測試
在剛剛生成的子頁.aspx中改寫

Default.aspx(已經和Master產生掛鉤的)

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<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/MasterPage.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" Runat="Server">
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" Runat="Server">
    <p>Sub Page Content</p>
</asp:Content>



MasterPage.master

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<%@ Master Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="MasterPage.master.cs" Inherits="MasterPage" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head runat="server">
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title></title>
    <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="head" runat="server">
    </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
        <div>
            <p>On the top of contentpage</p>
            <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">
            </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
            <p>below the contentpage</p>
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>



執行結果就可以明顯看到
contentplaceholder  這個容器的局部活動面板真名符其實啊!

MasterPage主要達到子頁可以著重於其該頁面的業務和UI邏輯互動
更也凸顯出所謂的重複利用樣板的觀念

MasterPage中多個內容子頁機制

一個MasterPage下可有多個ContentPlaceHolder 依照其ID來進行辨別



這裡我在MasterPage檔案中去微調
多增加一個ContentPlaceHolder

MasterPage.master

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<%@ Master Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="MasterPage.master.cs" Inherits="MasterPage" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head runat="server">
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title></title>
    <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="head" runat="server">
    </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
        <div>
            <p>On the top of contentpage</p>
            <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">
                <p>Inside first content placeholder</p>
            </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
            <p>below the contentpage</p>
        </div>
        <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="ContentPlaceHolder2" runat="server">
            <p>Inside second content placeholder</p>
        </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
        <p>below the second content placeholder</p>
    </form>
</body>
</html>


於aspx中改為
嵌入一張狗狗圖跟文字的內容子頁

aspx

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<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/MasterPage.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" Runat="Server">
</asp:Content>

<asp:Content ID="Content3" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder2" Runat="Server">
    <p>Sub Page Content2</p>
    <img src="img/dog.jpg" />
</asp:Content>

<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" Runat="Server">
    <p>Sub Page Content</p>
</asp:Content>

可以注意到順序是依照MasterPage中放置的ContentPlaceHolder順序
ID依序是先ContentPlaceHolder1再ContentPlaceHolder2
所以即便aspx檔案中誰前誰後都無相關






最終render出來的完整html

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<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>

</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" action="./Default.aspx" id="form1">
<div class="aspNetHidden">
<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="eeq+4wuRGgZLykMeLUVFMS483HKB+GmP0KWphvQMmOKTR7IOyOxphPL9t4JwdBwmQnCZD13vKxPNsQCPwDppeuTpi91rIXn5qDpnT/q14BA=" />
</div>

        <div>
            <p>On the top of contentpage</p>
            
    <p>Sub Page Content</p>

            <p>below the contentpage</p>
        </div>
        
    <p>Sub Page Content2</p>
    <img src="img/dog.jpg" />

        <p>below the second content placeholder</p>
    
<div class="aspNetHidden">

	<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="CA0B0334" />
</div></form>

<!-- Visual Studio Browser Link -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://localhost:7444/0e9c49098bfe421e82c53c892e7db716/browserLink" async="async" id="__browserLink_initializationData" data-requestId="6975da906b684aff9481cdf5b178488e" data-appName="Chrome"></script>
<!-- End Browser Link -->

</body>
</html>


MasterPage中 css/js如何串聯?


由於MasterPage下的各個ContentPage一般都需要一致性外觀樣式、布局...etc
因此通常都是直接統一放置在.master檔案中

這裡就先拿CSS做個實驗
新增一個是CSS是for master 對<p>內容改紅色
拖曳至於.master <head>區塊中



MasterPage.master

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<%@ Master Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="MasterPage.master.cs" Inherits="MasterPage" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head runat="server">
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title></title>
    <link href="css/WebStyleForMaster.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="head" runat="server">
    </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
        <div>
            <p>On the top of contentpage</p>
            <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">
                <p>Inside first content placeholder</p>
            </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
            <p>below the contentpage</p>
        </div>
        <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="ContentPlaceHolder2" runat="server">
            <p>Inside second content placeholder</p>
        </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
        <p>below the second content placeholder</p>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

最終render出來的完整html

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<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>

</title><link href="css/WebStyleForMaster.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" action="./" id="form1">
<div class="aspNetHidden">
<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="A1KYIizo8POXsJiL8Fkb/aDQPvLAQtEFRSl+GWVfUuuGO6CMQPTdABPZFmm/zw1vCnPzsx/hmMqCoQHVLclvMvV9DwLdT9VpXyUU4spPl60=" />
</div>

        <div>
            <p>On the top of contentpage</p>
            
    <p>Sub Page Content</p>

            <p>below the contentpage</p>
        </div>
        
    <p>Sub Page Content2</p>
    <img src="img/dog.jpg" />

        <p>below the second content placeholder</p>
    
<div class="aspNetHidden">

	<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="CA0B0334" />
</div></form>

<!-- Visual Studio Browser Link -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://localhost:7444/0e9c49098bfe421e82c53c892e7db716/browserLink" async="async" id="__browserLink_initializationData" data-requestId="fd07ac9432614977884c80c40d0b2c9e" data-appName="Chrome"></script>
<!-- End Browser Link -->

</body>
</html>



一個CSS是for aspx 子頁的 對<p>內容改藍色
如果同時設定會發生捨麼事情?(優先級)

在子頁(.aspx)中拖曳至ContentPlaceHolderID="head" 區塊中



最終變成藍色了
最終render出來的完整html

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<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>

</title><link href="css/WebStyleForMaster.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <link href="css/WebStyleForASPX.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" action="./Default.aspx" id="form1">
<div class="aspNetHidden">
<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="pGT53UpBiCuMkb5IfUDd8wsAYGDT0Jmii0vZMQfo8mWQ4M8HFvXOynozPfE82q5WDQLLfZu5rkrojrnMx/lU8ItAIwWjQBK/8e+/Iw7ytGw=" />
</div>

        <div>
            <p>On the top of contentpage</p>
            
    <p>Sub Page Content</p>

            <p>below the contentpage</p>
        </div>
        
    <p>Sub Page Content2</p>
    <img src="img/dog.jpg" />

        <p>below the second content placeholder</p>
    
<div class="aspNetHidden">

	<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="CA0B0334" />
</div></form>

<!-- Visual Studio Browser Link -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://localhost:7444/0e9c49098bfe421e82c53c892e7db716/browserLink" async="async" id="__browserLink_initializationData" data-requestId="6b71cdb576ff4fc59d28b5eb8a294dbc" data-appName="Chrome"></script>
<!-- End Browser Link -->

</body>
</html>

可以看到ContentPage(aspx)後期額外自定義的CSS由於在Master之後
(因為MasterPage.master中css定義位置在比ContentPlaceHolder ID="head"還要上面的位置)



因此在之後定義的於子頁ContentPlaceHolderID="head"區塊的CSS
會蓋掉原本master定義的css



如果將Master定義CSS的位置移動到ContentPlaceHolderID="head"之下
就會顯示紅色了
無論在子頁或母頁都可依照實際專案需求來做CSS位置調整設置



當CSS相對路徑對於MasterPage和CotnentPage不同路徑時狀況


這裡我們延續剛的樣式規則(只保留轉紅色的)
於另外目錄(名test)新增額外的子頁一樣掛勾我們的Master


會發現<p>仍是紅色
但子頁寫的test是紅色

會一樣是紅色在於css會依據子頁去設定
對deafult2.aspx要套用css就必須返回上一層後在到css目錄下設置相應css


對default.aspx而言則是
直接到css目錄下設置相應css










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