.NET Core第29天_Model驗證配置準備流程_各種驗證資料註解使用方式_part1(Required,StringLength,MaxLength,MinLength,RegularExpression,Range,Compare)

 

新建一個.net core mvc專案後

預設每一個檢視之所以都能套用版面配置頁
主要是在於藉由.\Views\_ViewStart.cshtml進行的全域預設版面配置設置




而預設專案微軟驗證腳本採用的是
.\Views\Shared\_ValidationScriptsPartial.cshtml當中的jquery兩個腳本
<script src="~/lib/jquery-validation/dist/jquery.validate.min.js"></script>
<script src="~/lib/jquery-validation-unobtrusive/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js"></script>
進行client驗證機制。

預設版面配置頁.\Views\Shared\_Layout.cshtml,而針對腳本引入是沒有特別去添加,因此需再各自檢視中做引入。
@await RenderSectionAsync("Scripts", required: false)
在版面配置頁面中,以非同步方式轉譯名為之區段的內容

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public System.Threading.Tasks.Task<Microsoft.AspNetCore.Html.HtmlString> RenderSectionAsync (string name, bool required);


參數
name (String)
要呈現的區段。

required(Boolean)
指出 name 必須使用頁面中的) (註冊區段 @section 。




新增一控制器名ValidDemoController.cs跟相應Index檢視
Index檢視中去進行非同步引入驗證腳本隸屬的部分檢視

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@section scripts{
    @{await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");}
}


在ViewModel中要進行驗證相關的資料註解使用時
必須引用using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
各項註解用中括號包覆


預設各個衍生的驗證資料註解都是繼承自ValidationAttribute

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#region 組件 System.ComponentModel.Annotations, Version=5.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a
// C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Ref\5.0.0\ref\net5.0\System.ComponentModel.Annotations.dll
#endregion

#nullable enable


namespace System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations
{
    //
    // 摘要:
    //     Serves as the base class for all validation attributes.
    public abstract class ValidationAttribute : Attribute
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Initializes a new instance of the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute
        //     class.
        protected ValidationAttribute();
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Initializes a new instance of the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute
        //     class by using the function that enables access to validation resources.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   errorMessageAccessor:
        //     The function that enables access to validation resources.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.ArgumentNullException:
        //     errorMessageAccessor is null.
        protected ValidationAttribute(Func<string> errorMessageAccessor);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Initializes a new instance of the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute
        //     class by using the error message to associate with a validation control.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   errorMessage:
        //     The error message to associate with a validation control.
        protected ValidationAttribute(string errorMessage);

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets or sets an error message to associate with a validation control if validation
        //     fails.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     The error message that is associated with the validation control.
        public string? ErrorMessage { get; set; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets or sets the error message resource name to use in order to look up the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute.ErrorMessageResourceType
        //     property value if validation fails.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     The error message resource that is associated with a validation control.
        public string? ErrorMessageResourceName { get; set; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets or sets the resource type to use for error-message lookup if validation
        //     fails.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     The type of error message that is associated with a validation control.
        public Type? ErrorMessageResourceType { get; set; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets a value that indicates whether the attribute requires validation context.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     true if the attribute requires validation context; otherwise, false.
        public virtual bool RequiresValidationContext { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets the localized validation error message.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     The localized validation error message.
        protected string ErrorMessageString { get; }

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Applies formatting to an error message, based on the data field where the error
        //     occurred.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   name:
        //     The name to include in the formatted message.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     An instance of the formatted error message.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.InvalidOperationException:
        //     The current attribute is malformed.
        public virtual string FormatErrorMessage(string name);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Checks whether the specified value is valid with respect to the current validation
        //     attribute.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   value:
        //     The value to validate.
        //
        //   validationContext:
        //     The context information about the validation operation.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     An instance of the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationResult class.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.InvalidOperationException:
        //     The current attribute is malformed.
        //
        //   T:System.ArgumentNullException:
        //     validationContext is null.
        //
        //   T:System.NotImplementedException:
        //     System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute.IsValid(System.Object,System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationContext)
        //     has not been implemented by a derived class.
        public ValidationResult? GetValidationResult(object? value, ValidationContext validationContext);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Determines whether the specified value of the object is valid.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   value:
        //     The value of the object to validate.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     true if the specified value is valid; otherwise, false.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.InvalidOperationException:
        //     The current attribute is malformed.
        //
        //   T:System.NotImplementedException:
        //     Neither overload of IsValid has been implemented by a derived class.
        public virtual bool IsValid(object? value);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Validates the specified object.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   value:
        //     The object to validate.
        //
        //   validationContext:
        //     The System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationContext object that describes
        //     the context where the validation checks are performed. This parameter cannot
        //     be null.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationException:
        //     Validation failed.
        //
        //   T:System.InvalidOperationException:
        //     The current attribute is malformed.
        //
        //   T:System.NotImplementedException:
        //     System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute.IsValid(System.Object,System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationContext)
        //     has not been implemented by a derived class.
        public void Validate(object? value, ValidationContext validationContext);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Validates the specified object.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   value:
        //     The value of the object to validate.
        //
        //   name:
        //     The name to include in the error message.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationException:
        //     value is not valid.
        //
        //   T:System.InvalidOperationException:
        //     The current attribute is malformed.
        public void Validate(object? value, string name);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Validates the specified value with respect to the current validation attribute.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   value:
        //     The value to validate.
        //
        //   validationContext:
        //     The context information about the validation operation.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     An instance of the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationResult class.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.InvalidOperationException:
        //     The current attribute is malformed.
        //
        //   T:System.NotImplementedException:
        //     System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute.IsValid(System.Object,System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationContext)
        //     has not been implemented by a derived class.
        protected virtual ValidationResult? IsValid(object? value, ValidationContext validationContext);
    }
}


Required

RequiredAttribute.cs

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#region 組件 System.ComponentModel.Annotations, Version=5.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a
// C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Ref\5.0.0\ref\net5.0\System.ComponentModel.Annotations.dll
#endregion

#nullable enable


namespace System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations
{
    //
    // 摘要:
    //     Specifies that a data field value is required.
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Parameter, AllowMultiple = false)]
    public class RequiredAttribute : ValidationAttribute
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Initializes a new instance of the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RequiredAttribute
        //     class.
        public RequiredAttribute();

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets or sets a value that indicates whether an empty string is allowed.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     true if an empty string is allowed; otherwise, false. The default value is false.
        public bool AllowEmptyStrings { get; set; }

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Checks that the value of the required data field is not empty.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   value:
        //     The data field value to validate.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     true if validation is successful; otherwise, false.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationException:
        //     The data field value was null.
        public override bool IsValid(object? value);
    }
}

Required中還可以特別去設置
AllowEmptyStrings的特性,該特性只有在Server-Side下才有作用。
代表是否遠許一個空字串""(雙引號包覆的空字串),空null。
在進行模型物件綁定輸入框時,我們在輸入框輸入的空字串會被自動轉為null因此AllowEmptyStrings=true會沒有效果,不會去驗證是否為空字串("")。
需要額外配置另一個特性DisplayFormat,去禁止將空字串("")轉為null,也就是ConvertEmptyStringToNull屬性設置為false。

新建好一個RequeredController.cs

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using DotNet5App7.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace DotNet5App7.Controllers
{
    public class RequiredController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public IActionResult Index(RequiredViewModel model)
        {

            return View(model);
        }
    }
}


RequiredViewModel.cs

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
namespace DotNet5App7.Models
{
    public class RequiredViewModel
    {
        [Display(Name="姓名")]
        [Required(AllowEmptyStrings = true, ErrorMessage = "{0}不可為空!")]
        [DisplayFormat(ConvertEmptyStringToNull = false)]
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [Display(Name ="年齡")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage ="{0}不可為空!")]
        public int Age { get; set; }
    }
}

./Views/Required/Index.cshtml

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@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "非空驗證";
}

@model RequiredViewModel
<form method="post">
    <div>
        <label asp-for="Name"></label>
        <input type="text" asp-for="Name" />
        <span asp-validation-for="Name"></span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label asp-for="Age"></label>
        <input type="text" asp-for="Age" />
        <span asp-validation-for="Age"></span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </div>
</form>


@section scripts{
    @{await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");}
}


原先設置運行效果


調整之後




StringLength 
主要可以設置最小跟最大字元長度,若只設定一個參數時代表最大長度。
長度是以字元個數來算,一個中文字跟英文字母都算一個字元。
相關的屬性還有MaxLength跟MinLength,當同時有使用到MaxLength跟MinLength屬性時,也相當於使用StringLength屬性。



MaxLength
指定最大允許輸入字元數



MinLength
指定最少輸入字元數



LengthViewModel.cs範本

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace DotNet5App7.Models
{
    public class LengthViewModel
    {
        [Display(Name = "用户名")]
        //[MinLength(6, ErrorMessage = "{0}最小字元數是{1}。")]
        //[MaxLength(10,ErrorMessage ="{0}最大字字元是{1}。")]
        [StringLength(10, MinimumLength = 6, ErrorMessage = "{0}的最小字元數是{2},最大字元數是{1}。")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "{0}不可為空。")]
        public string UserName { get; set; }
    }
}

LengthController.cs

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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace DotNet5App7.Controllers
{
    public class LengthController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
    }
}

./Views/Length/Index.cshtml

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@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "字元長度驗證";
}
@model LengthViewModel

<form method="post">
    <div>
        <label asp-for="UserName"></label>
        <input type="text" asp-for="UserName" />
        <span asp-validation-for="UserName"></span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </div>
</form>
@section scripts{
    @{ await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");}
}

運行效果


RegularExpression

正規表示式匹配驗證,比方email 、電話、年齡。
RegularExpressionAttribute.cs

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#region 組件 System.ComponentModel.Annotations, Version=5.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a
// C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Ref\5.0.0\ref\net5.0\System.ComponentModel.Annotations.dll
#endregion

#nullable enable


namespace System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations
{
    //
    // 摘要:
    //     Specifies that a data field value in ASP.NET Dynamic Data must match the specified
    //     regular expression.
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Parameter, AllowMultiple = false)]
    public class RegularExpressionAttribute : ValidationAttribute
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Initializes a new instance of the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RegularExpressionAttribute
        //     class.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   pattern:
        //     The regular expression that is used to validate the data field value.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.ArgumentNullException:
        //     pattern is null.
        public RegularExpressionAttribute(string pattern);

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets or sets the amount of time in milliseconds to execute a single matching
        //     operation before the operation times out.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     The amount of time in milliseconds to execute a single matching operation.
        public int MatchTimeoutInMilliseconds { get; set; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets the regular expression pattern.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     The pattern to match.
        public string Pattern { get; }

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Formats the error message to display if the regular expression validation fails.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   name:
        //     The name of the field that caused the validation failure.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     The formatted error message.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.InvalidOperationException:
        //     The current attribute is ill-formed.
        //
        //   T:System.ArgumentException:
        //     The System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RegularExpressionAttribute.Pattern
        //     is not a valid regular expression.
        public override string FormatErrorMessage(string name);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Checks whether the value entered by the user matches the regular expression pattern.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   value:
        //     The data field value to validate.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     true if validation is successful; otherwise, false.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationException:
        //     The data field value did not match the regular expression pattern.
        //
        //   T:System.InvalidOperationException:
        //     The current attribute is ill-formed.
        //
        //   T:System.ArgumentException:
        //     System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RegularExpressionAttribute.Pattern is not
        //     a valid regular expression.
        public override bool IsValid(object? value);
    }
}


新建控制器和相應檢視
RegularController.cs 就用預設回傳Index,不動


./Views/Regular/Index.cshtml

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@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "正規表示式匹配驗證";
}
@model RegularViewModel
<form>
    <div>
        <label asp-for="Age"></label>
        <input type="text" asp-for="Age" />
        <span asp-validation-for="Age"></span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </div>
</form>
@section scripts{
    @{ await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");}
}

RegularViewModel.cs

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace DotNet5App7.Models
{
    public class RegularViewModel
    {
        [Display(Name = "年齡")]
        [RegularExpression("[1-9][0-9]", ErrorMessage = "{0}限定輸入兩位數字,開頭不可用0")]
        public int Age { get; set; }
    }
}

運行效果



Range

Range屬性接受int , double的參數,可用於驗證是否坐落特定數值範圍。
該屬性中可以用Type資料型態作為參數,用於接收傳入參數為string的可用typeof()來進行型態轉換。Range屬性中最小值和最大值,也是包括在範圍內的。

RangeAttribute.cs

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#region 組件 System.ComponentModel.Annotations, Version=5.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a
// C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Ref\5.0.0\ref\net5.0\System.ComponentModel.Annotations.dll
#endregion

#nullable enable


namespace System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations
{
    //
    // 摘要:
    //     Specifies the numeric range constraints for the value of a data field.
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Parameter, AllowMultiple = false)]
    public class RangeAttribute : ValidationAttribute
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Initializes a new instance of the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RangeAttribute
        //     class by using the specified minimum and maximum values.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   minimum:
        //     Specifies the minimum value allowed for the data field value.
        //
        //   maximum:
        //     Specifies the maximum value allowed for the data field value.
        public RangeAttribute(double minimum, double maximum);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Initializes a new instance of the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RangeAttribute
        //     class by using the specified minimum and maximum values.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   minimum:
        //     Specifies the minimum value allowed for the data field value.
        //
        //   maximum:
        //     Specifies the maximum value allowed for the data field value.
        public RangeAttribute(int minimum, int maximum);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Initializes a new instance of the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RangeAttribute
        //     class by using the specified minimum and maximum values and the specific type.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   type:
        //     Specifies the type of the object to test.
        //
        //   minimum:
        //     Specifies the minimum value allowed for the data field value.
        //
        //   maximum:
        //     Specifies the maximum value allowed for the data field value.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.ArgumentNullException:
        //     type is null.
        public RangeAttribute(Type type, string minimum, string maximum);

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets or sets a value that determines whether any conversions of the value being
        //     validated to System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RangeAttribute.OperandType
        //     as set by the type parameter of the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RangeAttribute.#ctor(System.Type,System.String,System.String)
        //     constructor use the invariant culture or the current culture.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     true to use the invariant culture for any conversions; false to use the culture
        //     that is current at the time of the validation.
        public bool ConvertValueInInvariantCulture { get; set; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets the maximum allowed field value.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     The maximum value that is allowed for the data field.
        public object Maximum { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets the minimum allowed field value.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     The minimum value that is allowed for the data field.
        public object Minimum { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets the type of the data field whose value must be validated.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     The type of the data field whose value must be validated.
        public Type OperandType { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets or sets a value that determines whether string values for System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RangeAttribute.Minimum
        //     and System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RangeAttribute.Maximum are parsed using
        //     the invariant culture rather than the current culture.
        public bool ParseLimitsInInvariantCulture { get; set; }

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Formats the error message that is displayed when range validation fails.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   name:
        //     The name of the field that caused the validation failure.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     The formatted error message.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.InvalidOperationException:
        //     The current attribute is ill-formed.
        public override string FormatErrorMessage(string name);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Checks that the value of the data field is in the specified range.
        //
        // 參數:
        //   value:
        //     The data field value to validate.
        //
        // 傳回:
        //     true if the specified value is in the range; otherwise, false.
        //
        // 例外狀況:
        //   T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationException:
        //     The data field value was outside the allowed range.
        //
        //   T:System.InvalidOperationException:
        //     The current attribute is ill-formed.
        public override bool IsValid(object? value);
    }
}



新建好RangeController.cs跟相應Index檢視

Index.cshtml

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@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "範圍驗證";
}
@model RangeViewModel
<form>
    <div>
        <label asp-for="Price"></label>
        <input type="text" asp-for="Price" />
        <span asp-validation-for="Price"></span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </div>
</form>

@section scripts{
    @{ await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");}
}

RangeViewModel.cs

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace DotNet5App7.Models
{
    public class RangeViewModel
    {
        [Display(Name = "價格")]
        //[Range(10.1,30.5,ErrorMessage ="{0}範圍是{1}-{2}。")]
        [Range(typeof(string), "10.1", "30.5", ErrorMessage = "{0}範圍是{1}-{2}。")]
        public double Price { get; set; }
    }
}


運行效果

Compare

兩次輸入是否一致的驗證
比方密碼、驗證密碼




新建好CompareController.cs跟相應Index檢視

Index.cshtml
(這裡密碼暫時用明碼顯示方式便於查看)

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@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "比較驗證";
}
@model CompareViewModel
<form>
    <div>
        <label asp-for="Password"></label>
        <input type="text" asp-for="Password" />
        <span asp-validation-for="Password"></span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label asp-for="ConfirmPassword"></label>
        <input type="text" asp-for="ConfirmPassword" />
        <span asp-validation-for="ConfirmPassword"></span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </div>
</form>
@section scripts{
    @{ await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");}
}


CompareViewModel.cs

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace DotNet5App7.Models
{
    public class CompareViewModel
    {
        [Display(Name = "密碼")]
        [Required]
        public string Password { get; set; }

        [Display(Name = "確認密碼")]
        [Compare("Password", ErrorMessage = "{0}和密碼不一致。")]
        [Required]
        public string ConfirmPassword { get; set; }
    }
}


運行效果













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